Highways for water molecules: Interplay between nanostructure and water vapor transport in block copolymer membranes
F. H. Akhtar, H. Vovushua, L. F. Villalobos, R. Shevate, M. Kumar, S. P. Nunes, U. Schwingenschlögl, K.-V. Peinemann
J. Membr. Sci. 572, 641-649 (2019)
Water vapor removal is a crucial process for several industries (e.g., air conditioning systems, flue gas dehydration,
compressed air drying etc.). An effective dehumidification has the potential to drastically reduce the
energy consumption and the overall cost of a process stream. Membranes with high water permeance and selectivity
are promising candidates to achieve an energy-efficient water removal. We propose self-assembled
membranes with interconnected and ordered hydrophilic domains that act as extremely fast water transport
highways (water channels). We used a commercial amphiphilic pentablock copolymer (Nexar™), which has the
ability to form long-range, self-ordering nanoscale morphologies with rigid end-blocks and a flexible molecular
network where polar and non-polar solvents regulated the final morphologies of the membranes. Our results
demonstrate how well-defined periodic morphology allow for molecular level control in effective removal of
water vapor. The membranes with ordered hydrophilic nanochannels present a 6-fold improvement in water
vapor permeability and a 14-fold increase in water vapor/N2 selectivity compared to Nexar™ membranes with
disordered domains.
Molecular dynamics stimulations are carried out on the self-assembly behavior of block copolymer solution in
different solvents. In addition, sorption and desorption kinetics studies for Nexar™ films were correlated to the
different morphologies imaged by transmission electron, atomic force and environmental scanning electron
microscopy.